Skip to main content

Sapiens - Part 4

I'm reading Sapiens almost 5 days a week, but not so much as I liked (I'm so into Game of Thrones book). The book is divided in short chapters and these make up a "Part", the currently one talks about money, empires and religion. This post is about money! (I don't know if I'll write about empires or religions).



In the previous post about Sapiens' book, I wrote about the beginning of Agricultural Revolution and how our ancestors began to form larger groups of people. There are three universal orders which helped to form groups even bigger; groups that could live under the same set of laws:
"The first universal order was Economic: the monetary order. The second one was Political: the imperial order. The third universal order was Religious: the religious orders as Buddhism, Christianity and Islamism." (Adapted from the book - Position 2678 (Kindle))


All these universal orders has a thing in common: A mass of people believing in something immaterial. The money was created a lot of times in different places and developing it does not demanded any technology progress: it was a mental revolution. Because money can be things beyond dollar bills or coins, it could be a countable object which people uses to represent products's (or services) value. This revolution solved one problem (or more) that barter had: when we exchange items/products it's difficult to measure a fair trade. Example: Imagine that you sell high quality apples and you want to buy a boot. You go to the shoemaker and ask him for a new boot and try to pay it with a sack of apples. How many sacks of apples will pay fairly your boot? The shoemaker sold one boot for 10 sacks of apples once, but that time these apples didn't had the same quality which yours have. And last season the cows got sick and this resulted in a shortage of leather. Is the shoemaker interested in apples? You probably got the point.
"The money is a universal way of exchange which allows people convert almost everything in anything." (Adapted from the book - Position 2792 (Kindle))



And.. why it works?
Dollar notes, gold, silver and even cigarettes only has value in our collective imagination. Money is a psychological construction. And people are willing to work (physically and/or mentally) in exchange of a product of  our collective imagination. Citizens from different countries, different religions and different political opinions can work together for money. Even if they hate each other, when money is involved these differences are left aside. Because money is based in two universal principles: Universal Convertibility and Universal Confidence.

"Money is the most universal and efficient system of confidence already invented". (Adapted from the book - Position 2818 (Kindle)). 

R3D44/100

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

My 2018 Book List

In December of 2016 I bought an Amazon Kindle. It was great because I could read a bunch of books (some heavy ones) without have to carry them. However, in 2017 I read some books by random choice. I didn't have any goal on mind, I was just picking some books by friends recommendations and read them. This year I choose some books with a goal in mind! My 2018 Book List A book from each continent : North America: Boston:  A Gentleman in Moscow - Amor Towles South America: Brazil: Água Viva - Clarice Lispector Asia: Israel: Sapiens - Yuval Noah Harari Europe: Germany: The Metamorphosis - Franz Kafka Africa: South Africa: Disgrace - John Maxwell Coetzee Oceania: New Zealand:  The Luminaries - Eleanor Catton Books to pimp my mind (finan, math, biology, phisics, etc) : Investimentos Inteligentes - Gustavo Cerbasi The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives - Leonard Mlodinow The Universe in a Nutshell - Stephen Hawki...

I, Robot

I'm not writing about the movie. Yes, there's a book and this is another post of Asimov's book recommendation. This was one of the books that I bought randomly in a book sale. I saw the title and thought, why not? I've never watched the movie but I know that the book is different and the movie just uses the concepts of Asimov's Robot Laws . I, Robot is a book with a collection of short stories (that are connected) about robots and human relationship. What makes the book different of another sci-fi robot genre, is the defined concept of machine behavior. The Robot Laws or the Three Laws of Robotics or Asimov's Laws is a set of laws that define how a robot must behave. The three laws are: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such pro...

Books or Audio books? Both.

If you're following me, you know that this blog is a way that I'm using to improve my English writing skills. This was the fun way that I found to study a language and not get boring doing it. But, I need to improve the other skills, listening and speaking. Today, I'll write about a method to improve your listening skills. Mostly of the people say that read a book and listen to a podcast are a great way to improve your listening skills. They are right. However, generally podcasts are a casual conversation, the people that record it doesn't think about pronunciation, they've a limited vocabulary (as I do) and sometimes the accent isn't easy to understand. I know that are proper podcasts for English students, but IMO they aren't funny or even interesting. It was for those reasons that I tried to find something that I could combine read and listen in a fun way. This year I discovered the Audio books, I already know that they existed but it never interest...